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| Patrick Ducharme |
There are three categories of border searches:
1) routine questioning that often involves a search of baggage and a pat-down frisk or the use of an electronic wand;
2) strip searches conducted in private after a secondary examination and with the approval of a customs officer in authority;
3) body cavity searches where customs officers use medical doctors or x-rays or other highly intrusive means to conduct the search.
Each of these categories of search is separate and discreet. They are not points on a continuum. In any event, a traveler’s reasonable expectation of privacy is reduced considerably when crossing international borders.
The above is the an excerpt of Patrick J Ducharme's book, Canadian Criminal Procedure, available at Amazon or in bulk through MedicaLegal Publishing along with Criminal Trial Strategies.
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